Ancient Roman Emperors - Commodus/Caracalla

            During the period of Ancient Rome, art was used for several purposes. This included the promotion of leaders through statues, figures, and paintings—propaganda. Two figures that will be analyzed in particular achieve this exhibit of power through their appearance: the bust of Commodus as Hercules, and the portrait head of Caracalla. Both of these men were former emperors of Ancient Rome. Commodus reined from 180 to 192 CE, and Caracalla from 209 to 217 CE. To gain respect and institute their leadership, the figures must display a sense of greatness.

            The bust of Commodus as Hercules is a beautiful statue and represents exactly what a leader would want. Instead of sporting a typical emperor’s garb, Commodus’ figure wears a lion’s pelt draped over his head with the paws tied across his chest. Lion’s have been previously discussed as being animals of power, especially in Ancient Near Eastern Art. They pose a hostile threat, being the dangerous creatures they are, and so if one is to essentially control or kill a lion, they appear more powerful and therefore more respected. Commodus also holds some sort of club in his right hand. This might also be a representation of his power; simply by wielding a weapon he could gain respect through fear. It is also possible that this is the club he used to defeat the lion. In his other hand appears to be some offering of food. The motive behind this could be to show that he can provide for his people and meet the demands of the society he runs. His hair was formed in a stylized manner, including his beard, which emits a sense of wisdom with its neatness and presentation of his age. Commodus has a modest expression on his face. Not one of intimidation, much like Caracalla’s. His form is also very clean and muscular. This might prove that he was a gentle man, but ran his empire with an iron fist.

            The portrait head of Caracalla is difficult to discern, because there is not much to work with. However, he wears a very stern expression. Emphasis is given to his furrowed brow, cheeks, and jaw line, almost as if he was clenching his teeth. He has a slight frown, which adds to his portrayed anger as well. There is a depth to his eyes that gives an impression that he has no fear. As said before, the portrait gives a sense of intimidation. It is a very effective piece for how little of it there is, and in return, is incredibly impressive.
            I believe anyone who viewed these works would have a similar reaction and understand that these men were held in high regard or were important individuals. They certainly come across that way to me, and the ways in which they accomplish their campaign make them appear to have been very solid leaders. Both of these creations are remarkably striking in their portrayals and exhibit the strength and power that an emperor of the time should have.